• A pixel’s brightness is determined by
    • Light source (strength, direction, color)
    • Surface orientation
    • Surface material and albedo
    • Reflected light and shadows from surrounding surfaces
    • Properties of the sensor
  • Pixel intensities are complex to interpret on their own, but the information is often contained in local differences of brightness
  • Information is also contained in patterns of intensity variations
    • Changes in surface normal
    • Texture
    • Proximity
    • Indents and bumps
    • Grooves and creases